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Collection · The Pacific, 1942–1945 · 16 machines

The Island War

The Pacific war is remembered as carriers and battleships. It was decided, island by island, by infantry who had to be delivered onto a beach and then dig an enemy out of coral.

From Guadalcanal in August 1942 to Okinawa in 1945, the American advance across the Pacific was a sequence of amphibious assaults on islands that had to be taken one at a time. Each began the same way — troops carried from ships to a defended beach in small boats — and each ended in a ground battle fought at very short range against defenders who had usually decided not to surrender.

It was a war of a particular kind of machine. Landing craft mattered more than battleships; a flamethrower tank was worth more than a heavy gun; escort carriers circling offshore for a fortnight were more useful than a fast carrier task force that had to leave. The vehicles gathered here are the ones that fought it, on both sides.

From Guadalcanal to Okinawa
7 August 1942US Marines land on Guadalcanal and seize the unfinished airfield
20 November 1943American forces assault Tarawa in the Gilbert Islands
15 June 1944US Marines land on Saipan in the Mariana Islands
15 September 1944The assault on Peleliu begins
19 February 1945The landing on Iwo Jima opens a five-week battle
1 April 1945The invasion of Okinawa begins
Final phase Continue to the Fall of Japan → Move from the island campaigns to the blockade, air offensive and final surrender of Japan in 1945.
Getting ashore · 5
LCVP “Higgins Boat”
LCVP “Higgins Boat”
The boat that put the infantry on the sand, from Guadalcanal to Okinawa
Casablanca-class Escort Carrier
Casablanca-class Escort Carrier
Escort carriers circling the beachhead for days, providing the air cover fast carriers could not
Fletcher-class Destroyer
Fletcher-class Destroyer
Screening the landings and shelling the beaches, from Guadalcanal on
USS Nevada (BB-36)
USS Nevada (BB-36)
Shore bombardment at Iwo Jima and Okinawa — a Pearl Harbor survivor at the far end of the war
Liberty Ship
Liberty Ship
Everything the assault needed crossed an ocean in one of these first
Japan on the defensive · 2
Type 97 Chi-Ha
Type 97 Chi-Ha
The standard Japanese medium tank — outclassed, and finally dug in as a firing position
Type 95 Ha-Go
Type 95 Ha-Go
Light, thin and hopeless against a Sherman: buried hull-down as an armoured pillbox
American armour in the jungle · 2
M4 Sherman
M4 Sherman
The decisive weapon of the island fighting, above all in its flamethrower versions
M3/M5 Stuart
M3/M5 Stuart
Light tanks where the ground and the bridges would take nothing heavier
The Commonwealth’s war · 3
Infantry Tank Mk II Matilda II
Infantry Tank Mk II Matilda II
Obsolete in Europe, ideal in New Guinea: Australian Matildas against bunkers
M3 Lee
M3 Lee
The Lee’s longest campaign was Burma, where it fought on into 1945
Infantry Tank Mk III Valentine
Infantry Tank Mk III Valentine
New Zealand Valentines in the Solomons
Over the beachhead · 4
Vought F4U Corsair
Vought F4U Corsair
The Corsair as the Marines’ ground-attack aircraft, flying from island strips
Douglas SBD Dauntless
Douglas SBD Dauntless
Dive bombers over the Solomons, operating from Henderson Field
North American B-25 Mitchell
North American B-25 Mitchell
Strafers at mast height against shipping and island garrisons
Consolidated B-24 Liberator
Consolidated B-24 Liberator
The long-range heavy over the Solomons and beyond — airfields, shipping and isolated garrisons