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Collection · Normandy, June–August 1944 · 32 machines

D-Day and Normandy, Summer 1944

The largest amphibious invasion ever mounted — five beaches, three airborne divisions, and eleven weeks of battle that destroyed a German army.

In the first minutes of 6 June 1944, C-47s dropped the American and British airborne into the dark fields of Normandy; at dawn, behind the guns of nearly 7,000 vessels, the largest amphibious force in history came ashore on five beaches — Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, Sword. By nightfall some 156,000 Allied soldiers were in France, and the Atlantic Wall — four years in the building — had been broken in a single morning.

What followed was fighting as savage as anything in the West: the hedgerow war of the bocage, Villers-Bocage and the bloody grind around Caen, under an Allied air supremacy so complete that German columns could barely move by day. When Operation Cobra broke the front at the end of July, the campaign ended in encirclement at the Falaise Pocket and the destruction of the German army in Normandy. Paris was liberated on 25 August. Every machine below has its own page in the archive.

The air armada · 10
Douglas C-47 Skytrain
Douglas C-47 Skytrain
Dropped the 82nd and 101st Airborne into the dark before H-Hour
Supermarine Spitfire
Supermarine Spitfire
Low cover over the beaches — flying from Normandy strips within days
Hawker Typhoon
Hawker Typhoon
The rocket-firing “cab rank” — called down onto the panzers by the forward troops
North American P-51 Mustang
North American P-51 Mustang
Escort and armed reconnaissance far beyond the beachhead
Republic P-47 Thunderbolt
Republic P-47 Thunderbolt
The Ninth Air Force’s Thunderbolts — bridges, trains and columns
Lockheed P-38 Lightning
Lockheed P-38 Lightning
Flew cover over the invasion fleet — no gunner could mistake its twin-boom shape
de Havilland Mosquito
de Havilland Mosquito
Night intruder over the roads and railways feeding the front
Avro Lancaster
Avro Lancaster
Battered the coastal batteries in the last hours before the landings, then Caen
Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress
Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress
Bombed the defences at H-Hour — and blasted open the Cobra corridor in July
North American B-25 Mitchell
North American B-25 Mitchell
RAF Mitchells of 2 Group over the lodgement, day and night
The Luftwaffe’s answer · 3
Focke-Wulf Fw 190
Focke-Wulf Fw 190
Priller’s two-aircraft strafe of Sword Beach — the Luftwaffe’s only answer at dawn
Messerschmitt Bf 109
Messerschmitt Bf 109
Thrown into France by the hundred — and bled white over the beachhead
Junkers Ju 88
Junkers Ju 88
Torpedoes and mines by night against the invasion anchorage
The Allied armour · 7
M4 Sherman
M4 Sherman
The amphibious DD Shermans swam ashore with the first assault waves
Sherman Firefly
Sherman Firefly
One per troop — the 17-pounder that could kill a Tiger, and killed Wittmann’s
Cruiser Tank Mk VIII Cromwell
Cruiser Tank Mk VIII Cromwell
The Desert Rats’ cruiser — mauled at Villers-Bocage, avenged in the pursuit
Infantry Tank Mk IV Churchill
Infantry Tank Mk IV Churchill
The AVRE “Funnies” cracked the Atlantic Wall’s bunkers on the beaches
M3/M5 Stuart
M3/M5 Stuart
M5 light tanks scouted ahead of every armoured division
M10 Wolverine
M10 Wolverine
Tank destroyer of both Allied armies in the hedgerow fighting
M18 Hellcat
M18 Hellcat
With the tank destroyer battalions of the breakout and the race across France
The Panzerwaffe in the bocage · 7
Panzerkampfwagen IV
Panzerkampfwagen IV
Half the panzer strength in Normandy — workhorse of the defence
Panzerkampfwagen V Panther
Panzerkampfwagen V Panther
~650 fought in Normandy — the deadliest tank of the bocage
Panzerkampfwagen VI Tiger
Panzerkampfwagen VI Tiger
Wittmann at Villers-Bocage, 13 June — one Tiger stopped an armoured brigade
Panzerkampfwagen VI Tiger II
Panzerkampfwagen VI Tiger II
The King Tiger’s western debut, with s.Pz.Abt. 503 in the Caen sector
Sturmgeschütz III
Sturmgeschütz III
Low and lethal in the ambush war of the hedgerows
Jagdpanther
Jagdpanther
Combat debut: three of them wrecked a squadron of Churchills in minutes, 30 July
Sd.Kfz. 251
Sd.Kfz. 251
Carried the Panzergrenadiers into every counter-attack
The naval war · 5
HMS Warspite
HMS Warspite
The old lady’s 15-inch guns opened fire off Sword at dawn on D-Day
HMS Rodney
HMS Rodney
Her 406 mm shells reached panzer assembly areas miles inland around Caen
USS Nevada (BB-36)
USS Nevada (BB-36)
The 14-inch guns of a Pearl Harbor survivor, bombarding Utah Beach at dawn
HMS Belfast
HMS Belfast
Opened fire on Gold and Juno at H-Hour — one of the hardest-worked bombardment ships of the invasion
Type VII U-boat
Type VII U-boat
Sent from the Biscay ports against the invasion fleet — few got through, many never came back