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Collection · North Africa, 1940–1943 · 35 machines

The Desert War

Three years of advance and retreat across two thousand kilometres of Libya and Egypt — a war of machines, fought in a landscape with nowhere to hide.

The desert was the purest armoured battlefield of the war: no rivers, few towns, and supply lines that decided battles before they began. From Operation Compass in December 1940 to the Axis surrender in Tunisia in May 1943, the campaign swung back and forth along the North African coast — Tobruk, Gazala, El Alamein.

It was also a proving ground. British infantry tanks met German anti-tank screens; American armour reached the front through Lend-Lease months before American soldiers did; and above it all, four air forces fought for the sky and for the convoys that fed the armies. The machines of that war, from both sides, are collected below.

The armour · 16
Infantry Tank Mk II Matilda II
Infantry Tank Mk II Matilda II
“Queen of the Desert” — near-invulnerable in 1940–41
Infantry Tank Mk III Valentine
Infantry Tank Mk III Valentine
The dependable workhorse of the Eighth Army
Cruiser Tank Mk VI Crusader
Cruiser Tank Mk VI Crusader
Gave its name to the offensive that relieved Tobruk
M3/M5 Stuart
M3/M5 Stuart
The “Honey” — first American tank in British service
M3 Lee
M3 Lee
The Grant — the first Allied answer to the panzers, Gazala 1942
M4 Sherman
M4 Sherman
Made its combat debut at Second El Alamein, October 1942
Infantry Tank Mk IV Churchill
Infantry Tank Mk IV Churchill
Kingforce at Alamein, then the hills of Tunisia
M10 Wolverine
M10 Wolverine
First blooded against German armour at El Guettar, March 1943
Carro Veloce L3/35
Carro Veloce L3/35
The tankette Italy went to war with — two machine guns against the Western Desert
Carro Armato M13/40
Carro Armato M13/40
Italy’s standard medium tank of the campaign
Semovente da 75/18
Semovente da 75/18
The best Italian armoured vehicle of the desert
Autoblinda AB 41
Autoblinda AB 41
The fast Autoblinda scout car — the eyes of the Italian army in the desert
Panzerkampfwagen II
Panzerkampfwagen II
The light tank that opened the war — still scouting for the Afrika Korps
Panzerkampfwagen III
Panzerkampfwagen III
Backbone of the Afrika Korps
Panzerkampfwagen IV
Panzerkampfwagen IV
The long-gun “Mark IV Special” — the DAK’s heavy hitter
Panzerkampfwagen VI Tiger
Panzerkampfwagen VI Tiger
Arrived in Tunisia for the final act
The air war · 19
Fiat CR.42 Falco
Fiat CR.42 Falco
Italy’s biplane fighter opened the desert air war, 1940
Fiat G.50 Freccia
Fiat G.50 Freccia
The Freccia — Italy’s first monoplane fighter over Libya
Macchi C.200 Saetta
Macchi C.200 Saetta
The Saetta — Regia Aeronautica workhorse of the campaign
Macchi C.202 Folgore
Macchi C.202 Folgore
The Folgore restored parity when it reached Libya, late 1941
Macchi C.205 Veltro
Macchi C.205 Veltro
The Veltro’s combat debut, over the Tunisian convoy routes
Reggiane Re.2001 Falco II
Reggiane Re.2001 Falco II
The Falco II — Reggiane’s DB 601 fighter over the Malta convoys; bombed HMS Victorious at Pedestal, 1942
Fiat BR.20 Cicogna
Fiat BR.20 Cicogna
The Cicogna — night bomber over the desert from March 1941, worn out by sand
Savoia-Marchetti S.M.79 Sparviero
Savoia-Marchetti S.M.79 Sparviero
The Sparviero — scourge of the Malta convoys
Messerschmitt Bf 109
Messerschmitt Bf 109
JG 27 and Marseille — the Luftwaffe’s desert aces
Messerschmitt Bf 110
Messerschmitt Bf 110
The Zerstörer of ZG 26 — escort and fighter-bomber over the desert
Focke-Wulf Fw 190
Focke-Wulf Fw 190
Fw 190 fighter-bombers struck Allied airfields and ports over Tunisia, 1943
Junkers Ju 87 Stuka
Junkers Ju 87 Stuka
The Stuka — siege artillery of Tobruk
Junkers Ju 88
Junkers Ju 88
Bomber and anti-shipping threat across the Mediterranean
Heinkel He 111
Heinkel He 111
Long-range bomber and torpedo-carrier over the Malta convoys
Hawker Hurricane
Hawker Hurricane
The RAF’s workhorse from Compass to Alamein
Supermarine Spitfire
Supermarine Spitfire
Arrived in 1942 to take back the desert sky
Curtiss P-40 Warhawk
Curtiss P-40 Warhawk
The shark-mouthed Tomahawk and Kittyhawk — the Desert Air Force’s fighter-bomber workhorse
Lockheed P-38 Lightning
Lockheed P-38 Lightning
Flew into Tunisia with Operation Torch — the “fork-tailed devil”
North American B-25 Mitchell
North American B-25 Mitchell
Mitchells of the Twelfth Air Force over Tunisia