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Collection · Eastern Front, 1941–1945 · 39 machines

The Eastern Front

The largest land war ever fought — four years, two thousand kilometres of front, and machines built in their tens of thousands to survive it.

On 22 June 1941 Germany launched Operation Barbarossa, the largest invasion in military history, across a front that stretched from the Baltic to the Black Sea. The panzers that had conquered Western Europe in weeks met something new within days: the T-34 and the KV, tanks their guns struggled to kill — and a country that would trade space, blood and machines on a scale no planner had imagined.

What followed was the war that decided the war: Moscow in the snow, Stalingrad street by street, the greatest tank battle in history at Kursk in July 1943, and the two-year drive that ended in Berlin. It was fought by the most-produced armoured vehicles and aircraft ever built, on both sides — and most of them are in this archive.

The Red Army’s armour · 7
T-34
T-34
The shock of 1941 — the tank that rewrote the rules
Kliment Voroshilov KV-1
Kliment Voroshilov KV-1
Immune to almost every German gun of 1941
Kliment Voroshilov KV-2
Kliment Voroshilov KV-2
The 152 mm bunker-buster that stunned Barbarossa’s spearheads
ISU-152
ISU-152
The “Zveroboy” — beast-killer of Tigers and Panthers
SU-100
SU-100
The deadliest Soviet tank destroyer of the late war
SU-76
SU-76
The ubiquitous “Suka” — the mobile gun that walked with the infantry to Berlin
Iosif Stalin IS-2
Iosif Stalin IS-2
The Stalin tank — built to break into Berlin
The Panzerwaffe · 11
Panzerkampfwagen II
Panzerkampfwagen II
Still in the spearheads in June 1941 — and hopeless the day it met a T-34
Panzerkampfwagen 38(t)
Panzerkampfwagen 38(t)
The Czech-built tank in the spearheads of Barbarossa
Panzerkampfwagen III
Panzerkampfwagen III
Led the drive on Moscow — then fell behind the T-34
Panzerkampfwagen IV
Panzerkampfwagen IV
The Wehrmacht’s workhorse from Barbarossa to Berlin
Sturmgeschütz III
Sturmgeschütz III
The most-produced German AFV — assault gun turned tank-killer
Panzerkampfwagen VI Tiger
Panzerkampfwagen VI Tiger
Feared from Leningrad to Kursk
Panzerkampfwagen V Panther
Panzerkampfwagen V Panther
Built to answer the T-34 — blooded at Kursk
Panzerjäger Tiger (P) Elefant
Panzerjäger Tiger (P) Elefant
Thrown into Kursk on its combat debut
Panzerkampfwagen VI Tiger II
Panzerkampfwagen VI Tiger II
The last German heavyweight, 1944–45
Jagdpanzer 38(t) Hetzer
Jagdpanzer 38(t) Hetzer
The cheap ambush killer of the final years
Sd.Kfz. 251
Sd.Kfz. 251
The half-track that carried the Panzergrenadiers alongside the tanks
Lend-Lease to the Red Army · 5
Infantry Tank Mk III Valentine
Infantry Tank Mk III Valentine
The tank Moscow asked Britain to keep building — the most valued of all
M4 Sherman
M4 Sherman
The “Emcha” — Shermans that fought with the Red Army to Berlin
Infantry Tank Mk IV Churchill
Infantry Tank Mk IV Churchill
Heavy British infantry tanks in Soviet hands at Kursk
M3 Lee
M3 Lee
Grim under fire — the Soviets called it “a grave for seven brothers”
M3/M5 Stuart
M3/M5 Stuart
Light Lend-Lease armour for the desperate battles of 1942
The air war · 11
Polikarpov I-16
Polikarpov I-16
Met Barbarossa head-on — obsolete, but everywhere
Ilyushin Il-2 Shturmovik
Ilyushin Il-2 Shturmovik
The Shturmovik — more built than any combat aircraft in history
Yakovlev Yak-3
Yakovlev Yak-3
So dangerous low down that Luftwaffe pilots were warned off it
Hawker Hurricane
Hawker Hurricane
Lend-Lease to the VVS — the first Allied fighters to fight for the Soviets, from Murmansk in 1941
Supermarine Spitfire
Supermarine Spitfire
Some 1,300 Spitfires flew for the Red Air Force from 1943
Junkers Ju 87 Stuka
Junkers Ju 87 Stuka
From Barbarossa’s first hours to 37 mm tank-busting
Junkers Ju 88
Junkers Ju 88
Bomber of the eastern skies from day one
Heinkel He 111
Heinkel He 111
Bomber turned desperate transport of the Stalingrad airlift
Messerschmitt Bf 109
Messerschmitt Bf 109
The mount of the highest-scoring aces in history
Messerschmitt Bf 110
Messerschmitt Bf 110
Zerstörer and ground-attacker from the first day of Barbarossa
Focke-Wulf Fw 190
Focke-Wulf Fw 190
Fighter and ground-attacker across the eastern sky
The Italian expeditionary corps · 5
Macchi C.200 Saetta
Macchi C.200 Saetta
The Saetta of the 22° Gruppo — the CSIR’s fighter over the southern steppe, 1941–42
Macchi C.202 Folgore
Macchi C.202 Folgore
The Folgore of the 21° Gruppo — the contingent’s frontline fighter in Russia, 1942
Autoblinda AB 41
Autoblinda AB 41
The Autoblinda scout car of the corps’s reconnaissance groups on the Don, 1941–43
Carro Veloce L3/35
Carro Veloce L3/35
Tankettes sent to Russia, against Soviet armour of the classes that had already outclassed them in Spain
Fiat BR.20 Cicogna
Fiat BR.20 Cicogna
The Cicogna — lone incendiary sorties over the Don, August 1941 to spring 1943